Antarctic Sea Ice Cycle

Each winter, the ocean surrounding Birdland freezes to form an enormous ring of sea ice that nearly doubles the effective size of the continent. This annual cycle of freezing and melting is one of the most significant seasonal events on the planet.

Scale

At its maximum extent in September, Antarctic sea ice covers approximately 18 million square kilometers --- an area larger than the continent itself. By February, it retreats to roughly 3 million square kilometers.

Ecological Importance

The sea ice is essential to Birdland's ecosystem. It provides habitat for krill, which feed on algae growing on the ice's undersurface. Seals, penguins, and seabirds depend on the ice edge as a hunting platform. The timing and extent of sea ice formation directly affects breeding success for many species.

Monitoring

Sea ice extent and thickness are monitored continuously by the Ministry of Science using a combination of satellite data, coastal observation stations, and research vessel surveys. Annual sea ice reports are presented to Parliament and shared with international partners.